Detailed pages on the landscape gardening trade's materials and equipment — gravel, topsoil, plants, grass, drainage and tools: use, nominal dimensions, standards and what you need to know to choose the right one for the job.
Surfacing & base
Load-bearing layer beneath the paving
Well-graded gravel (typically 0–32 mm) for the load-bearing layer in a pavement. NfA 1992 sets base-course thickness by traffic class (A 10 cm, B/C 12 cm, D 20 cm); grading curve and compaction follow supplier data.
Separating layer on soft subgrade
Laid under the base course on soft or poorly draining subsoil to separate and lead water away. Not necessary for Standard A (pedestrian only); dimension according to the project and NfA 1992.
Bedding layer directly beneath the pavers
Fine gravel (2–5 / 0–8 mm) for the levelling and bedding layer directly beneath slabs and paving stones. Levelling layer typically 30 ± 10 mm (min. 20 mm) per DS 1136 / NfA practice.
Washed quartz sand for joints
Washed, low-nutrient, kiln-dried quartz sand (0–4 mm) for joints in paving according to DS 1136. The low nutrient content discourages weeds in the joints; joint width typically 2–5 mm.
Patio, path, and driveway
Cast concrete slabs and pavers (e.g. 40×40, 30×30, 60×40 cm, interlocking/SF pavers) for terraces, paths and trafficable paving. The number per m² is pure geometry of format + joint — look it up in the »Paving stones / slabs« calculator.
Cobblestones, setts, mosaic setts
Granite natural stone: setts (~21×14 cm), cobbles (9×9×9 cm) and mosaic setts (~6×6 cm). Surface thickness per NfA 1992 (setts 12 cm, cobbles 8 cm); typically laid on gravel with a 20–25 ‰ fall.
Edges and retains the paving
Kerbstones in concrete or granite that bound and retain a paving or a bed. Laid in bedding mortar, plumb and to line; type and dimension per project.
Separates the subgrade from the base course
Geotextile laid between the subgrade and the base course to separate the layers and prevent intermixing, while still letting water pass through. The class/strength is chosen according to the load and the substrate.
Brændt ler til terrasse og sti
Brændte lerklinker til udendørs belægning. Kræver dokumenteret frostbestandighed for dansk klima — tegl-belægningsklinker dokumenteres typisk efter EN 1344 (leverandørdatablad, ikke en anlægsgartnernorm); tjek vandoptagelse og frost-tø-klasse på databladet. Tykkelse typisk 4–6 cm; lægges med fugesand. Kilde: NfA 1992 (tykkelse); leverandørdata (frostcertificering — vejledende).
Til kantsten og belægning
Cementbaseret sættemørtel til at fastholde kantsten og kantbegrænsning i lod og linje. Laves typisk af cement og sand (CA-mørtel); styrke- og blandingsforhold følger leverandørdata og projektkrav. Skal hærde tilstrækkelig tid inden belastning. Kilde: NfA 1992 (kantsten i mørtel); leverandørdata.
Soil & growing layer
Screened growing layer for beds and lawn
Screened topsoil for the growing layer. NfA 1992 specifies a topsoil layer of 25–40 cm with requirements for dry bulk density, texture and pH (6.5–6.8 for grass). Order extra to allow for settlement (guideline 20–30 %).
Improving the soil structure
Peat, compost and other soil improvers to improve structure, humus content and water-holding capacity. Products on the Plant Directorate's register; dosage according to soil type and species.
Plants & grass
Trees, shrubs and hedge plants
Bare-root, root-balled and container plants sorted according to Plantestandard 2002. Trees are traded by trunk girth at 1 m height (Kvalitetsstandard 2019); check turgidity and root ball on receipt.
S-labelled provenance for shelterbelts
Saplings for shelterbelts and near-natural planting, S-labelled by provenance. Spacing within the row guideline 1.0 m, row spacing 1.0–2.0 m (Naturstyrelsen). Use »Number of plants«/»Hedge plants«.
Group A lawn + group B meadow/nature
S-labelled lawn grass, group A (lawn) and group B (meadow/wild). Guideline seed rate: new sowing 2–3 kg/100 m², overseeding 1–3 kg/100 m² (DLF). The rate depends on the mix and the season.
With micronutrients (e.g. 16-2-7)
NPK fertiliser for lawns, e.g. 16-2-7 or 17-2-7 with micronutrients. Indicative: maintenance 2–3 kg/100 m², new establishment ~4 kg/100 m² (DLF). Follow the product instructions and the soil's needs.
Blivende træer, buske og ammeplanter
Blandingsplantning sammensættes af blivende træer (1/6–1/3 af arealet), buske (1/3–2/3) og ammetræer (0–1/3) — normalt planteafstand 1,0–1,5 m (Plantning og Landskab). Kontrollér art, sort og Plantestandard ved modtagelse. Kilde: Plantning og Landskab, kvalitetsspecifikationer.
5–7 pcs/m² (indicative, species-dependent)
Lave bunddækkeplanter og stauder til bed og skråning. Vejledende plantetal: 5–7 stk/m² — spændvidde er 1–10 stk/m² afhængigt af art og ønsket dækningsgrad (leverandør-vejledende, ikke norm). Kilde: Duelunds Planter / branchetommelfingertal.
Drainage
Clay pipes, plastic pipes, fittings & filter gravel
Drainage pipe in clay (DS 403) or plastic (DS 2077) with fittings and filter gravel. Laid in a straight line with at least 3 ‰ fall on a levelled base (NfA 1992). Size according to the drainage plan.
Load-bearing grass
Pavers with openings that let grass grow but bear traffic — e.g. for fire lanes and parking. Surface thickness about 16 cm (NfA 1992); build-up and sub-base according to load.
Tools & equipment
Compacting gravel and soil
Compaction equipment for base courses, levelling courses and paving. Compact in thin layers to avoid dips; order 15–35 % extra gravel, since the layer settles during compaction (guideline).
Evenness, fall and levels
3 m straightedge, spirit level and laser levelling for setting levels, checking falls and measuring evenness. NfA 1992 specifies evenness as the max. gap under a 3 m straightedge (e.g. lawn 2–4 cm).
Hand and push spreader
Spreader for the even application of seed and fertiliser. Calibrate to the desired dose (g/m²); guideline doses are given in the »Grass seed quantity« and »Fertiliser quantity« calculators.
Stakes, ties and root-ball netting
Stakes/posts, tying straps and root-ball netting for staking and anchoring newly planted trees so they stand firm while the roots establish. Number and placement according to the size of the tree.
Spade, greb, river, harpe og hakke
Grundlæggende håndredskaber til anlægsgartnerfaget: spade (flad/rund) til gravning, greb til kompost og muld, river til jævning, harpe til at sigte muld, hakke til jordløsning. Ergonomisk greb og korrekt løfteteknik reducerer belastning på ryg og skuldre (Arbejdstilsynets vejledning om manuel håndtering).